Asalin hoton, Getty Images/AFP
Asusun bayar da lamuni na duniya IMF ya soki yadda tattalin arzikin Birtaniya ke tangal-tangal.
IMF ya ce ana sa ran tattalin arzikin Birtaniya – ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙasashe goma masu karfin tattalin arziki a duniya – zai ragu a shekarar 2023, maimakon ƙara girma , kamar yadda aka yi hasashe a baya.
Mene ne IMF?
IMF kungiya ce ta duniya da ke da mambobi a ƙasashe 190. Suna aiki tare don ƙoƙarin daidaita tattalin arzikin duniya.
Kowace ƙasa na iya neman shiga, muddin ta cika sharuɗan da ake buƙata.
Sun haɗa da bayar da bayanai game da tattalin arzikinta da kuma biyan kuɗi na zama mamba a kungiyar. Kowace ƙasa za ta bayar da gudummawa daidai karfin arzikinta.
IMF na yin abubuwa guda uku don sa ido da kuma tallafawa tattalin arziki:
- Bibiyar al’amuran tattalin arziki da na kuɗi. Yana sa ido kan yadda ƙasashe ke aiki da yiwuwar fuskantar barazana, kamar rikice-rikicen kasuwanci, kamar a Birtaniya – na rashin tabbas da ficewarta daga Tarayyar Turai ya haifar.
- Bai wa mambobinta shawara kan yadda za su inganta tattalin arzikinsu.
- Bayar da rance na ɗan gajeren lokaci da taimako ga ƙasashen da ke fama da matsaloli.
Ana samun rancen ne ta hanyar biyan kuɗi da masu son shiga kungiyar ke yi.
A shekarar 2018, Argentina ta sami rance mafi girma a tarihin IMF na dala biliyan 57.
IMF na iya bai wa mambobinta rancen kuɗi da ya kai adadin dala tiriliyan 1.
Waɗanne irin nasarori ya samu?
Yawancin lokaci ana kwatanta IMF a matsayin “mai ba da rancen taimako ta ƙarshe”. A lokacin rikice-rikice, ƙasashe na neman taimakon kuɗi a wajensa.
Masanin tattalin arziki na Jami’ar Harvard, Benjamin Friedman ya ce yana da wuya a auna tasirinsa saboda ba zai yiwu a san ko talafinsa ya sanya abubuwa yin kyau ba ko “mafi muni”.
Duk da haka, wasu sun yaba da rawar da Asusun ke takawa na tallafa wa Mexico bayan da ta bayyana cewa ba za ta iya biyan basussukan da ake bin ta ba a farkon shekarun 1980.
A 2002, Brazil ta sami rance daga IMF don gujewa gazawa kan basussukan ta.
Daga baya gwamnati ta sami damar farfado da tattalin arzikin ƙasar cikin sauri, kuma ta biya dukkan basussukan da ke kanta shekaru biyu kafin lokacin da aka tsara.
Wane irin suka ake yi wa IMF?
Ana sukar sharuɗɗan da IMF ke ɗora wa ƙasashen da take bai wa rancen kuɗi a wasu lokuta da cewa suna da tsauri.
Waɗannan sun haɗa da tilastawa ƙasashe rage rancen da gwamnati ke karɓa da yanke harajin kamfanoni da buɗe tattalin arzikinsu ga masu zuba jarin na ƙasashen waje.
Girka ita ce inda rikicin hada-hadar kuɗi na Tarayyar Turai ya fara a 2009, kuma ita ce ƙasa da ta fi fama da matsalar tattalin arzikin.
Asalin hoton, Getty Images
Wani mutum kenan ke wucewa kusa da wurin da aka rubuta : “IMF ya tafi gida.”
Bayansamun rance daga IMF, Girka ta yi sauye-sauye ga tattalin arzikinta.
Masu sukar sun ce manufar tsuke bakin aljihun da IMF ta dage Girka ta bi – da nufin ganin gwamnati ta karbo rance – ta wuce gona da iri kuma ta lalata tattalin arzikinta da al’ummarta.
Waye ke shugabantar IMF?
Kristalina Georgieva ta kasance shugabar asusun na IMF tun daga shekarar 2019.
Masaniyar tattalin arzikin ta taɓa zama shugabar bankin duniya, kuma ta karbi mukamin daga wajen Christine Lagarde, wadda a yanzu ita ce shugabar babban bankin Turai.
Asalin hoton, AFP
Kristalina Georgieva (gefen hagu) ta maye gurbin Christine Lagarde a matsayin shugabar IMF
Ms Georgieva ita ce ta farko daga Bulgaria – ɗaya daga cikin mambobi mafiya talauci a Tarayyar Turai – da ta jagoranci IMF.
Tun lokacin da aka kafa wannan kungiya, Turawa ne ke jagoranci, inda wani ɗan ƙasar Amurka ya zama shugaban bankin duniya.
Gabanin taronta na farko na shekara-shekara a 2019, Ms Georgieva ta yi gargadin cewa ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai zai zama “abu mai zafi” ga Birtaniya da ita EU.
Me ya sa aka kirkiro da IMF?
An kirkiro da IMF ne daga taron Bretton Woods a 1944 a Amurka.
Taron ya samu halartar wakilai daga ƙasashe 44 a lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu da suka haɗa da Birtaniya da Amurka da kuma Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin.
Taron ya tattauna kan tsare-tsaren kuɗi bayan yaƙin, da suka haɗa da yadda za a kafa tsayayyen tsarin musayar kuɗi da kuma yadda za a biya domin sake farfado da tattalin arzikin Turai da suka durkushe.
Asalin hoton, Getty Images
Masanin tattalin arziki John Maynard Keynes (tsakiya) na kalubalantar buƙatar kuɗin duniya bai-ɗaya
Daga baya aka kafa kungiyoyi biyu don cimma waɗannan manufofin: IMF da Bankin Duniya.
Mambobin sabuwar asusun IMF da aka kirkiro, sun amince da tsarin tsayayyen musayar kuɗi, wanda zai ci gaba da ƙasancewa har zuwa farkon shekarun 1970.
