Asalin hoton, Getty Images
Tun daga lokacin da aka fara shirin komawa amfani da sababbin takardun kuɗi a Najeriya mutane suka fara kokawa kan rashin ‘network’ a lokacin tura kuɗi ko kuma samun su idan an turo masu ta hanyar intanet.
Wasu lokutan akan samu jinkiri ne wurin aiwatar da sakon kudin, a wani lokacin kuma abin ma ba ya yiwuwa, saboda wasu manhajojin bankunan kasuwancin kasar ba su buɗewa.
Hakan ya jefa al’umma da dama cikin garari kasancewar babu isassun kuɗi a hannun jama’a tunda Babban Bankin Najeriya (CBN) ya janye kimanin kashi 80% na tsofaffin takardun kudin bayan sauya fasalin takardun naira 1,000, da 500 da kuma 200.
Ko mene ne sanadiyyar matsalar da ake fuskanta wurin hada-hadar kuɗin ta intanet?
Mustapha Muhammad Garba masani ne kan harkokin kuɗi kuma tsohon manajan ɗaya daga cikin ressan bankin Unity a Najeriya, ya ce dalilan sun hada da:
Yunƙurin CBN na aiwatar da abu biyu a lokaci ɗaya
Yadda al’umma ke layin cirar kudi daga na’urar ATM a Abuja, babban birnin Najeriya
Mr Garba ya ce “tun farko ya kamata mutane su gane cewa abu biyu ne CBN ke kokarin yi a lokaci guda ”wato sauya fasalin kuɗi (Currency redesign), da kuma aiwatar da tsarin hada-hadar kudi ba tare da amfani da kudade a hannun jama’a ba (Cashless policy).
A cewarsa kowanne daga cikin waɗannan tsare-tsare biyu na da nauye-nauyen da yake tafe da su, lamarin da ya kara matsi a kan harkar banki na kasar ta Najeriya.
Ya ce “mutane sun ɗauka kawai sauya kuɗin za a yi, wato ‘currency swap’, misali, idan ka kai N100m tsofaffi a baka N100m sababbi.”
“Amma sai CBN ya shigo da batun ‘cashless policy’, abin da ya sanya ake kayyade yawan kudin da mutum zai iya cirewa daga asusun ajiyarsa a kullum.”
Mr Garba ya ce “wannan abu shi ne ya janyo matsalolin da ake gani game da online transactions (hada-hadar kudi ta intanet).”
“A baya CBN ya ce kusan kashi 80% na kuɗin Najeriya ba su a bankuna, ma’ana ana amfani da su ne ke nan a hannun al’umma, amma yanzu kusan kashi 80% ɗin ne aka mayar cikin bankuna, wadanda ke nan dole sai dai a yi amfani da su ta hanyar hada-hada ta intanet.”
Ya ce CBN ya yi gaggawar fara aiwatar da tsare-tsaren a faɗin ƙasar “inda an bi tsarin da tsohon shugaban Babban Bankin Najeriya, Sanusi Lamido Sanusi ya fitar na aiwatar da shirin mataki-mataki, da abin ya zo da sauki.”
A shekara ta 2012 ne Sanusi Lamido Sanusi ya kaddaamar da shirin hada-hada ba tare da kudi a hannu ba a Najeriya, inda ya zaɓi biranen Lagos da Abuja da kuma Port Harcourt a matsayin inda za a fara aiwatar da kashin farko.
Cunkoso
Asalin hoton, Getty Images
A cewarsa kokarin al’umma na yin biyayya ga tsare-tsaren biyu na CBN ya tura mutane da dama amfani da tsarin hada-hadar kudi ta intanet.
“Cunkoson mutanen da suka koma amfani da tsarin na hada-hada ta intanet ya sanya an yi wa hanyoyin gudanar da hada-hadar yawa.”
Ya kara da cewa “tamkar hanya ce da mutum 10 ke bi a baya, yanzu kuma sai aka ce mutum 100 ne za su bi.”
Rashin shiri
Masanin ya ce “ya kamata mutane su sani cewa a tsarin aikawa da kudi daga wani banki zuwa wani, akwai abin da ake kira ‘interface’ wato wata gada ko sila ko kuma mahada da ke sadar da bankuna daban-daban.”
Misalin irin wadannan mahada su ne NIBSS (Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System), da RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement), da NEFT (National Electronic Funds Transfer), da kuma Interswitch.
Ya ce “a misali, a baya mutum 100 ne kawai suke amfani da waɗannan kafafe, yanzu kuma lokaci ɗaya sai aka samu mutum 1,000,000 na amfani da su a lokaci guda.”
“Kuma hakan na zuwa ne ba tare da an inganta kayan aiki ko na’urori na fasahar sadarwa da wadannan kafafe suke amfani da su ba, to dole ne a fuskanci matsaloli.”
Ta yaya za a iya warware matsalar?
Mustapha Garba ya ce “ba matsala ce da za a iya magancewa cikin gaggawa ba.”
Domin ana bukatar shiri ta hanyar inganta tsarin da ake kai a yanzu.
Ya kara da cewa “a wasu bangarorin ana bukatar samar da sababbi kuma ingantattun kayan aiki na fasahar sadarwar zamani, abin da ba za a iya yi a rana guda ba.”
Haka nan wasu bankunan dole ne sai sun fara amfani da tsare-tsaren hada-hadar kudi ta intanet ko manhajoji masu inganci da za su iya daukar nauyin cunkoson al’umma da a yanzu suke rungumar tsarin hada-hadar kudi ta intanet.
