- Marubuci, Barry Marston
- Sanya sunan wanda ya rubuta labari, BBC Monitoring
Asalin hoton, ISWAP
Ƙungiyar IS ta yi ta neman magoya bayanta a faɗin duniya su yi hijira zuwa Afirka don riƙe garuruwan da ta ce ta ƙwace daga dakarun gwamnati
Shekarar 2022 ce mafi hada-hada a tarihin reshen ƙungiyar Islamic State a Najeriya da ake kira West Africa Province branch (ISWAP), inda ta yi iƙirarin kai hare-hare a shekarar kusan sau 500.
Hakan na nufin kusan kashi 25 cikin 100 kenan na ayyukan IS na 2022 a faɗin duniya.
ISWAP ta sake faɗaɗa “wuraren da ta ƙwace” cikin wata 12 da suka gabata a Najeriya, bayan ƙungiyar ta kai hare-hare a jihohin da ba ta saba kaiwa ba waɗanda ke wajen area mas gabashin ƙasar – duk da cewa ba ta iya samun sakewa ba a wuraren.
Duk da ƙaruwar ayyukanta a watan Afrilu, saboda hare-haren “ramuwar gayya”, an samu raguwa a hare-haren a watannin ƙarshe na shekarar nan musamman saboda ambaliyar ruwa da ta addabi jihohi.
A taƙaice dai, IS ta dogara ne da ISWAP da sauran ƙawayenta a ƙasashen Afirka wajen yaɗa farfaganda a shirinta na faɗaɗa harkoki don yaƙar koma-bayan da take fuskanta a cibiyarta da ke Syriya da Iraƙi.
An ga alfanun ISWAP a wajen IS a wata Yuni lokacin da shugabannin jihadin suka yi kiran da a yi hijira zuwa “Afirka ta Yamma”, da alama zuwa wuraren da ISWAP ta kama.
Wannan maƙalar ta duba irin faɗaɗa da IS ke yi cikin wata 12 da suka wuce na 2022, amma za mu ambaci ayyukan wasu masu iƙirarin jihadin daga ciki.
Farfaganda a Najeriya kawai
Wuraren da ISWAP ta kai hari a 2022 a faɗin Najeriya
IS ta buɗe shekarar 2022 da bidiyon farfaganda tana nuna yadda ISWAP ke ilimantarwa tare da horas da ƙananan yara. IS ta yaɗa bidiyon sosai don nuna cewa ƙungiyar na da iko a Afirka ta Yamma, inda take hure wa sabbin jini kunne da kuma shigar da su ayyukanta.
Yayin da suke yin mubaya’a a watannin Maris da Nuwamba zuwa ga sabbin shugabannin IS, an ga hotunan mayaƙan ISWAP riƙe da manyan makamai a wuraren da suka ce sun ƙwace – idan aka kwatanta da sauran mayaƙan IS a wasu wurare da ke da ƙananan makamai.
Wani bidiyo da ya jagoran ISWAP na wa’azi ga mazauna ƙauyuka ya ƙarfafa wa masu yaɗa farfaganda gwiwa, ana mai umartar su da su yi hijira zuwa Afirka.
Gidan yarin da mayaƙa suka ɓalla a kusa da Abuja a watan Yuli ma ya nuna sabon salon ƙungiyar wajen farfaganda, ganin yadda ta dinga bayyana cewa “mun rusa ginin gidan yarin” da zimmar ƙwato mayaƙanta da ake tsare da su.
‘Mamaya’
Yayin wani yunƙurin “ramuwar gayya” a faɗin dunya a watan Afrilu, IS ta ce ta kai hare-hare a Najeriya a yankunan da ba ta saba kaiwa ba – kamar Yobe da Borno.
An kai hare-haren ne a yanki ɗaya: jihohin Kogi da Taraba da ke tsakiyar Najeriya, inda aka kai hari uku a Yuli a kusa da Abuja.
Ɓalla gidan yarin da aka yi a Kuje na watan Yuli ne aikin IS mafi girma a 2022. Sai dai an yi ta yaɗa jita-jita cewa ISWAP na shirin kai wasu hare-haren a cikin Abujar.
Jihar Kogi ce ta fi fuskantar hari a wajen jihohin arewa maso gabas. Amma kuma wannan hare-haren ba su da wani tasiri idan aka kwatanta da barzanar da ƙungiyar ke yi da kuma mamayar da take yi a arewa maso gabashin, kamar Borno da Yobe.
IS ta kuma yi iƙirarin kai hari a jihohin Ondo da Edo da ke kusa da Kogi. An kuma zargi ISWAP da kai mummunan hari a watan Yuni kan wata coci a Ondo, duk da cewa IS ba ta ƙaryata ko ɗaukar alhakin harin ba.
Zuwa yanzu, ba a ji hari a jihohin Kaduna da Kano da Bauchi ba.
Hare-hare a arewa maso gabas
An ga ƙaruwar hare-haren ISWAP cikin wata huɗun farko na shekara a arewa maso gabas, kan Borno musamman.
Hakan ta faru ne yayin da sojojin Najeriya ke tsaka da kai musu hare-hare a Dajin Sambisa da kuma gefen Tafkin Chadi.
A wasu lokutan, ISWAP kan yi amfani da abubuwan fashewa a cikin mota, wanda ba a saba yi ba a Najeriya.
Wasu hare-haren da aka kai cikin Chadi a watan Afrilu da Yuli, ka iya zama dalilin ruwan wutar da suke sha a Borno daga dakarun sojan Najeriya.
Ayyukan ISWAP sun ɗan ƙaru a tsakiyar watan Afrilu sakamakon shirin ramuwa na IS a duniya.
Hawa da sauka na hare-haren ISWAP a 2022
Idan aka kwatanta da 2020 da 2021, inda ISWAP ta kai manyan hare-hare a manyan garuruwa, ba a samu masu yawa ba a 2022.
Akasarin hare-haren an kai su ne kan ƙananan sansanonin soja da kuma wuraren duba ababen hawa, ba mamaki saboda su guje wa rasa mayaƙa masu yawa.
An samu raguwa a hare-haren daga watan Agusta, da alama saboda damina da kuma ambaliyar da ta haddasa a faɗin Najeriya.
Kazalika, za a iya cewa saboda ruwan wutar da dakaru ke yi musu da kuma faɗan cikin gida da mayaƙan ke yi a tsakaninsu; su ma sun taimaka.
Ƙungiyoyin jihadi masu adawa
Ƙungiyar Boko Haram (aka Jama’at Ahl al-Sunna lil-Da’wah wal-Jihad – JAS) mai adawa da ISWAP, na ci gaba da ayyuka a Najeriya duk da mahangurɓar da ISWAP ɗin ta yi mata a watan Mayun 2021.
Akwai rahotannin da ke cewa ƙungiyar JAS na sake kafuwa a gefen Dajin Sambisa da ke Borno da kuma ƙasar Kamaru maƙwabciya. An sha samun rahotannin rikici mai tsanani tsakanin JAS da ISWAP.
Ba a jin JAS na iƙirarin kai hare-hare a 2022 duk da labaran harin Boko Haram. Kafofin yaɗa labarai da mazauna yankunan kan ambaci Boko Haram a matsayin ISWAP – ba sa bambance su.
A can arewacin Kamaru kuma, wasu shafukan sada zumunta sun sha ba da rahotanni kan ƙananan hare-hare a wasu ƙauyuka da babu jami’an tsaro sosai waɗanda ake cewa JAS ce ke kai su.
Reshen Bakura, wanda ke da alaƙa da JAS a yankin Tafkin Chadi, ya nuna cewa yana da niyyar maye gurbin JAS a mafi yawan 2021. An sha samun rahotannin fafatawa tsakaninsu da ISWAP tare da kuma jita-jitar yunƙurin haɗewa.
A ƙarshen watan Maris, an samu labarin rikicin cikin gida a sansanin reshen Bakura na JAS wanda daga shi ne aka daina jin ɗuriyar ƙungiyar.
Babban harin da aka kai wa sojojin Chadi a ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba, ISWAP da sauran ƙungiyoyi ba su ɗauki alhakin kai shi ba, amma dai reshen Bakura ya sha kai irinsa a cikin Chadi.
